Ali, A., & Qazi, I. A. (2022). Digital literacy and vulnerability to misinformation: Evidence from Facebook users in Pakistan. Journal of Quantitative Description: Digital Media, 2. https://doi.org/10.51685/jqd.2022.025
Ali, A., & Qazi, I. A. (2023). Countering misinformation on social media through educational interventions: Evidence from a randomized experiment in Pakistan. Journal of Development Economics, 163, Article 103108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2023.103108
Arechar, A. A., Allen, J., Berinsky, A. J., Cole, R., Epstein, Z., Garimella, K., Gully, A., Lu, J. G., Ross, R. M., Stagnaro, M. N., Zhang, Y., Pennycook, G., & Rand, D. G. (2023). Understanding and combating misinformation across 16 countries on six continents. Nature Human Behaviour, 7(9), 1502–1513. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-023-01641-6
Azoulay, L. (2024). Truth in the crossfire: The case of Ethiopia and fact-checking in authoritarian contexts. Media and Communication, 12, Article 8785. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8785
Badji, S. D., Orgeret, K. S., & Mutsvairo, B. (2024). An exploratory study of fact-checking practices in conflict and authoritarian contexts. Media and Communication, 12, Article 8698. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8698
Badrinathan, S., & Chauchard, S. (2024). Researching and countering misinformation in the Global South. Current Opinion in Psychology, 55, Article 101733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101733
Badrinathan, S. (2021). Educative interventions to combat misinformation: Evidence from a field experiment in India. American Political Science Review, 115(4), 1325–1341. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055421000459
Badrinathan, S., Chauchard, S., & Siddiqui, N. (2025). Misinformation and support for vigilantism: An experiment in India and Pakistan. American Political Science Review, 119(2), 947–965. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055424000790
Blair, R. A., Gottlieb, J., Nyhan, B., Paler, L., Argote, P., & Stainfield, C. J. (2024). Interventions to counter misinformation: Lessons from the Global North and applications to the Global South. Current Opinion in Psychology, 55, Article 101732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101732
Bowles, J., Croke, K., Larreguy, H., Liu, S., & Marshall, J. (2023). Sustaining exposure to fact checks: Misinformation discernment, media consumption, and its political implications. American Political Science Review, 19(4), 1864–1887. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055424001394
Bowles, J., Larreguy, H., & Liu, S. (2020). Countering misinformation via WhatsApp: Preliminary evidence from the COVID-19 pandemic in Zimbabwe. PLOS ONE, 15(10), Article e0240005. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240005
Breakstone, J., Smith, M., Connors, P., Ortega, T., Kerr, D., & Wineburg, S. (2021). Lateral reading: College students learn to critically evaluate Internet sources in an online course. Harvard Kennedy School (HKS) Misinformation Review, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.37016/mr-2020-56
Breakstone, J., Smith, M., Ziv, N., & Wineburg, S. (2022). Civic preparation for the digital age: How college students evaluate online sources about social and political issues. The Journal of Higher Education, 93(7), 963–988. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221546.2022.2082783
Buolamwini, J., & Gebru, T. (2018). Gender shades: Intersectional accuracy disparities in commercial gender classification. In S. Friedler & C. Wilson (Eds.), Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Fairness, Accountability and Transparency (pp. 77–91). PMLR. https://proceedings.mlr.press/v81/buolamwini18a.html
Burlacu, S., Kažemekaitytė, A., Ronzani, P., & Savadori, L. (2022). Blinded by worries: Sin taxes and demand for temptation under financial worries. Theory Decision, 92, 141–187. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238-021-09820-5
Burlacu, S., Mani, A., Ronzani, P., & Savadori, L. (2023). The preoccupied parent: How financial concerns affect child investment choices. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics, 105, Article 102030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2023.102030
Carlson, M., Jakli, L., & Linos, K. (2017). Refugees misdirected: How information, misinformation, and rumors shape refugees’ access to fundamental rights. Virginia Journal of International Law, 57(3), 539–574. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3248122
Cargo, M., & Mercer, S. L. (2008). The value and challenges of participatory research: Strengthening its practice. Annual Review of Public Health, 29, 325–350. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.091307.083824
Centola, D. (2010). The spread of behavior in an online social network experiment. Science, 329(5996), 1194–1197. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185231
Centola, D., & Macy, M. (2007). Complex contagions and the weakness of long ties. American Journal of Sociology, 113(3), 702–734. https://doi.org/10.1086/521848
Cook, J., Ecker, U., & Lewandowsky, S. (2015). Misinformation and how to correct it. In R.A. Scott and S.M. Kossly (Eds.), Emerging trends in the social and behavioral sciences: An interdisciplinary, searchable, and linkable resource. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118900772.etrds0222
De Bruijn, E. J., & Antonides, G. (2022). Poverty and economic decision making: A review of scarcity theory. Theory and Decision, 92(1), 5–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11238-021-09802-7
Dierickx, L., & Lindén, C. G. (2024). Screens as battlefields: Fact checkers’ multidimensional challenges in debunking Russian-Ukrainian war propaganda. Media and Communication, 12. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.8668
Garimella, K., & Chauchard, S. (2025). Whatsapp Explorer: A data donation tool to facilitate research on WhatsApp. Mobile Media & Communication, 13(3), 481–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/20501579251326809
Guess, A. M., Lerner, M., Lyons, B., Montgomery, J. M., Nyhan, B., Reifler, J., & Sircar, N. (2020). A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(27), 15536–15545. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920498117
Harjani, T., Basol, M.-S., Roozenbeek, J., & van der Linden, S. (2023). Gamified inoculation against misinformation in India: A randomized control trial. Journal of Trial & Error, 3(1), Article e12. https://doi.org/10.36850/e12
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010). The weirdest people in the world? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 61–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X0999152X
Hopkins, K. L., Lepage, C., Cook, W., Thomson, A., Abeyesekera, S., Knobler, S., Boehman, N., Thompson, B., Waiswa, P., Ssanyu, J. N., Kabwijamu, L., Wamalwa, B., Aura, C., Rukundo, J. C., & Cook, J. (2023). Co-designing a mobile-based game to improve misinformation resistance and vaccine knowledge in Uganda, Kenya, and Rwanda. Journal of Health Communication, 28(sup2), 49–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2023.2231377
Kyrychenko, Y., Brik, T., van der Linden, S., & Roozenbeek, J. (2024). Social identity correlates of social media engagement before and after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. Nature Communications, 15(1), Article 8127. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-52179-8
Kozyreva, A., Lorenz-Spreen, P., Herzog, S. M., Ecker, U. K., Lewandowsky, S., Hertwig, R., Ali, A., Bak-Coleman, J., Barzilai, S., Basol, M., Berinsky, A. J., Betsch, C., Cook, J., Fazio, L. K., Geers, M., Guess, A. M., Huang, H., Larreguy, H., Maertens, R., … & Wineburg, S. (2024). Toolbox of individual-level interventions against online misinformation. Nature Human Behaviour, 8(6), 1044–1052. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01881-0
Largent, E. A., & Lynch, H. F. (2017). Paying research participants: The outsized influence of “undue influence.” IRB, 39(4), 1–9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5640154/
Martini, C., Floris, M., Ronzani, P., Ausili, L., Pennacchioni, G., Adorno, G., & Panizza, F. (2025). The impact of interventions against science disinformation in high school students. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 34278. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-16565-6
Medie, P. A., & Kang, A. J. (2018). Power, knowledge and the politics of gender in the Global South. European Journal of Politics and Gender, 1(1–2), 37–54. https://doi.org/10.1332/251510818X15272520831157
Mothkoor, V., & Mumtaz, F. (2021). The digital dream: Upskilling India for the future. Ideas for India. https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/governance/the-digital-dream-upskilling-india-for-the-future.html
Obermeyer, Z., Powers, B., Vogeli, C., & Mullainathan, S. (2019). Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations. Science, 366(6464), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aax2342
Ozawa, S., Clark, S., Portnoy, A., Grewal, S., Stack, M. L., Sinha, A., Mirelman, A., Franklin, H., Friberg, I. K., Tam, Y., Walker, N., Clark, A., Ferrari, M., Suraratdecha, C., Sweet, S., Goldie, S. J., Garske, T., Li, M., Hansen, P. M.,… & Walker, D. (2017). Estimated economic impact of vaccinations in 73 low-and middle-income countries, 2001–2020. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 95(9), 629. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.178475
Ozawa, S., Mirelman, A., Stack, M. L., Walker, D. G., & Levine, O. S. (2012). Cost-effectiveness and economic benefits of vaccines in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Vaccine, 31(1), 96–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.103
Panizza, F., Camminga, T., Gaillard, S., & Grüning, D. J. (2025). Adopt a cultural-historical perspective to adapt misinformation interventions: Reflecting on Harjani et al. Journal of Trial & Error. https://doi.org/10.36850/415c-479a
Paolacci, G., & Chandler, J. (2014). Inside the Turk: Understanding Mechanical Turk as a participant pool. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 23(3), 184–188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721414531598
Pasquetto, I. V., Jahani, E., Atreja, S., & Baum, M. (2022). Social debunking of misinformation on WhatsApp: The case for strong and in-group ties. Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, 6(CSCW1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/3512964
Ragnedda, M., & Mutsvairo, B. (2019). Mapping the digital divide in Africa: A mediated analysis. Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvh4zj72
Roozenbeek, J., Remshard, M., & Kyrychenko, Y. (2024). Beyond the headlines: On the efficacy and effectiveness of misinformation interventions. Advances in Psychology, 2, Article e24569. https://doi.org/10.56296/aip00019
Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G. L., Varol, O., Flammini, A., & Menczer, F. (2018). The spread of low-credibility content by social bots. Nature Communications, 9(1), Article 4787. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06930-7
Shtulman, A. (2024). Children’s susceptibility to online misinformation. Current Opinion in Psychology, 55, Article 101753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2023.101753
Sultan, M., Tump, A. N., Ehmann, N., Lorenz-Spreen, P., Hertwig, R., Gollwitzer, A., & Kurvers, R. H. (2024). Susceptibility to online misinformation: A systematic meta-analysis of demographic and psychological factors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(47), Article e2409329121. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409329121
Thapa, S., Shiwakoti, S., Shah, S. B., Adhikari, S., Veeramani, H., Nasim, M., & Naseem, U. (2025). Large language models in computational social science: Prospects, current state, and challenges. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13278-025-01428-9
Wynants, L., Van Calster, B., Collins, G. S., Riley, R. D., Heinze, G., Schuit, E., Albu, E., Arshi, B., Bellou, V., Bonten, M. M. J., Dahly, D. L., Damen, J. A., Debray, T. P. A., de Jong, V. M. T., De Vos, M., Dhiman, P., Ensor, J., Gao, S., Haller, M. C., … Van Smeden, M. (2020). Prediction models for diagnosis and prognosis of covid-19: Systematic review and critical appraisal. BMJ, 369, Article m1328. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.m1328
